介绍蒸汽锅炉的化学清洗过程

Introduce steam boiler chemical cleaning process
介绍蒸汽锅炉的化学清洗过程
Let's learn about the boiler scale formation, types, and how to use chemical method to clean the scale:
Boiler scale formation and boiler feed water and boiler water, the composition, properties and the structure of boiler, boiler operation condition and other factors. Boiler scale according to the chemical composition can be divided into the following categories:
我们先来了解一下锅炉水垢形成、种类，以及如何用化学方法去清洗水垢：
锅炉水垢的形成与锅炉的给水和锅水的组成、性质以及锅炉的结构、锅炉的运行状况等多种因素有关。锅炉水垢按化学组成可以分为下面几类：
(1) carbonate scale
Carbonate scale composition are mainly calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, which is given priority to with calcium carbonate, above 50%. Calcium carbonate is white more, also has a yellowish. Due to different conditions of raw and hard scale can be hard, dense, multi-junction born in hot parts high strength; Can also be a loose soft scale, multi-junction born at the site of the temperature is lower, such as boiler economizer, the place such as the inlet pipe mouth. General hot water boiler are carbonate scale.
Chemical cleaning methods: carbonate scale in 5% hydrochloric acid solution, most of the solution, at the same time will produce large amounts of bubbles, after the reaction, insolubles rarely in the solution.
（1） 碳酸盐水垢
碳酸盐水垢成分主要有碳酸钙、碳酸镁，其中以碳酸钙为主，达到50%以上。碳酸钙多为白色的，也有微黄色的。由于结生的条件不同，可以是坚硬、致密的硬质水垢，多结生在热强度高的部位；也可以是疏松的软质水垢，多结生在温度比较低的部位，如锅炉的省煤器、进水管口等处。一般热水锅炉多为碳酸盐水垢。
化学清洗方法：碳酸盐水垢在5%的盐酸溶液中，大部分可溶解，同时会产生大量的气泡，反应结束后，溶液中不溶物很少。
(2) sulfate scale
Sulphate scale its main component is calcium sulphate, more than 50%. Sulphate scale for white more, also have a yellowish, particularly hard, dense, feel satiny. This scale multi-junction was born in the highest temperature and evaporation intensity maximum evaporation in the boiler.
Chemical cleaning methods: sulfate scale in hydrochloric acid solution rarely have bubbles, little dissolved, after adding 10% barium chloride solution, generated a lot of white precipitate.
（2） 硫酸盐水垢
硫酸盐水垢其主要成分是硫酸钙，达50%以上。硫酸盐水垢多为白色，也有微黄色的，特别坚硬、致密，手感滑腻。此种水垢多结生在锅炉内温度较高、蒸发强度较大的蒸发面上。
化学清洗方法：硫酸盐水垢在盐酸溶液中很少产生气泡，溶解很少，加入10%氯化钡溶液后，生成大量的白色沉淀物。
(3) silicate scale
Silicate scale complicated composition, scale can reach more than 20%, the content of silica in silicate scale are mostly white, scale on the surface of a thorn, it is a very hard scale, the scale is easy to born in the highest part of the boiler temperature, it is the main component of silicon calcium or magnesium olivine stone.
Chemical cleaning methods: silicate scale is not dissolved in hydrochloric acid, slowly dissolve other ingredients after heating, with transparent state sand sediment, adding 1% HF may slowly dissolve.
（3） 硅酸盐水垢
硅酸盐水垢的成分比较复杂，水垢中二氧化硅的含量可达20%以上，硅酸盐水垢多为白色，水垢表面带刺，它是一种十分坚硬的水垢，此种水垢容易在锅炉温度较高的部分结生，它的主要成分是硅钙石或镁橄榄石。
化学清洗方法：硅酸盐水垢在盐酸中不溶解，加热后其他成分部分地缓慢溶解，有透明状态砂粒沉淀物，加入1%HF可缓慢溶解。
(4) mixed scale
Mixed scale is a mixture of the above all kinds of scale, it is difficult to point out the which is the main ingredient. Mixed scale mixed, it can be seen that level, mainly due to the use of different water quality or water treatment method, multi-junction born in boiler high and low temperature area of the junction.
Chemical cleaning methods: most mixed scale can be dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid, also can produce bubbles, in the solution of scale of debris or gunk.
（4） 混和水垢
混合水垢是上述各种水垢的混合物，很难指出其中哪一种是主要的成分。混合水垢色杂，可以看出层次，主要是由于使用不同水质或水处理方法不同造成的，多结生在锅炉高、低温区的交界处。
化学清洗方法：混合水垢可以大部分溶解在稀盐酸中，也会产生气泡，溶液中有残留水垢的碎片或泥状物。
(5) iron oxide scale
Iron oxide scale mainly of iron oxide, mostly born in minzhu knot boiler co., LTD., the highest on the heating surface of boiler heat load, sometimes in the water wall tube, pipe allelic generated. The outer surface of the iron oxide is brown, the inner is grey
Chemical cleaning methods: iron oxide scale with dilute hydrochloric acid can be slowly dissolved, the solution is yellow green, plus nitric acid can dissolve faster, yellow solution.
（5） 氧化铁水垢
氧化铁垢的主要成分是铁的氧化物，大都结生在太康锅炉有限公司锅炉热负荷较高的受热面上，有时也会在水冷壁管、烟管等位生成。氧化铁的外表面往往是咖啡色，内层是灰色的
化学清洗方法：氧化铁垢加稀盐酸可缓慢溶解，溶液呈黄绿色，加硝酸能较快溶解，溶液呈黄色。
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